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Long freeze on individual savings accounts

Written by admin on . Posted in Budget, Wealth. No Comments on Long freeze on individual savings accounts

Hidden away in the October Budget announcements was the freezing of individual savings accounts (ISA) annual subscription limits until 5 April 2030. Good news that there is no intention to remove this valuable tax-free savings option, but bad news given the fiscal drag involved.

The main £20,000 ISA allowance has been in place since 6 April 2017 and will remain unchanged for a further five tax years.

Other subscription limits

The following annual subscription limits are also going to be frozen until 5 April 2030:

  Subscription limit
Lifetime ISAs £4,000
Junior ISAs £9,000
Child trust funds (CTFs) £9,000

The subscription limit of £20,000 applies across the four main adult ISAs each tax year – the cash ISA, the stocks and shares ISA, the innovative finance ISA and the Lifetime ISA. Although the Lifetime ISA has a £4,000 subscription limit, this is still part of the overall £20,000 allowance.

There were concerns that the Chancellor was going to impose an overall limit on the amount of ISA saving, but the mooted lifetime cap of £500,000 did not materialise. There are currently over 4,000 ISA savers with ISA pots worth more than £1 million.

There were plans to introduce a UK ISA (or British ISA) with an additional £5,000 allowance, but the Chancellor has announced this idea will not proceed.

Fractional interests

Despite previously saying the complete opposite, HMRC have confirmed that fractional interests – commonly known as fractional shares – can be held within a stocks or shares ISA or a CTF invested in shares:

  • The shares of some US tech companies – such as Apple and Microsoft – can cost £100s. The availability of fractional interests will help regular savers acquire such shares.
  • The change will not come in immediately, but, subject to complying with the new regulations, existing fractional interests may be retained.

ISA managers will be required to remove any currently held fractional interests that are not eligible under the new regulations. HMRC’s basic guide to ISAs can be found here.

Photo by Diane Helentjaris on Unsplash

Unclaimed child trust funds

Written by admin on . Posted in High Income Child Benefit Charge, Wealth. No Comments on Unclaimed child trust funds

With around 670,000 child trust fund (CTF) accounts sitting unclaimed by Generation Z adults aged between 18 and 22, HMRC is concerned.

CTFs were opened for every child born between 1 September 2002 and 2 January 2011, with each account started off with a £250 voucher (£500 for low-income families). A similar amount was added for any child who turned seven by 31 July 2010. That means all CTFs hold some money; in fact, each unclaimed account has an average of £2,200.

Given that nearly 30% of CTFs were set up without any parental involvement, it’s no surprise so many account holders are unaware of a CTF’s existence.

Tracing a CTF

A CTF will be held by a bank, building society or other savings provider. The number of providers has shrunk, with some merging and others exiting the market, meaning many CTFs will now have a different provider to when the account was set up. There are two free tracing options for anyone who does not know their CFT provider:

  • HMRC’s tool; or
  • The approved tool from The Share Foundation.

Only a few details are required for either tool, although anyone searching for a CTF provider will need the account holder’s National Insurance number and date of birth.

HMRC are advising account holders to avoid the use of third-party agents who offer to search for missing CTFs. They will always charge for this service, even as much as 25% of the value of the account.

Fund options

Funds remain in the CTF account until the holder reaches 18, with no one else having access. At age 18, the account holder can either:

  • Withdraw the funds; or
  • Transfer the money to an individual savings account (ISA).

If the funds are not immediately required, there are currently some attractive interest rates on offer for two- or three-year fixed rate cash ISAs. ISA charges will normally be lower than those for a CTF, with higher rates of interest available. HMRC’s guide to child trust funds can be found here.

Photo by Liane Metzler on Unsplash

Will increased capital gains tax (CGT) mean less tax gets paid?

Written by admin on . Posted in Budget, Capital Gains Tax, Wealth. No Comments on Will increased capital gains tax (CGT) mean less tax gets paid?

Capital gains tax: a minority sport?

The Labour Party’s 2024 manifesto said, ‘We will not increase National Insurance, the basic, higher, or additional rates of Income Tax, or VAT.’ The absence of any comment on CGT meant that Rachel Reeves received persistent questions during the election campaign about a possible increase. Unsurprisingly, there was no definitive answer.

At the beginning of August, HMRC published new data about how much CGT had raised. The figures were for 2022/23, when the annual exemption was £12,300 of gains, as opposed to the current £3,000. Nevertheless, they provide some interesting information about who pays how much:

  • Only 348,000 people made enough capital gains to pay the tax. That is about 1% of the number of income taxpayers.
  • The total amount of CGT paid by individuals was £13.63 billion, with trusts accounting for another £0.797 billion.
  • 2,000 taxpayers – less than 1% of all CGT payers (who realised at least £5 million of gains) – paid 41% of all CGT collected from individuals. Another 4,000 taxpayers with gains between £2 million and £5 million paid 16% of the total.
  • There was more tax paid in the previous two tax years. Between 2021/22 and 2022/23 the Exchequer’s receipts fell by 15%.

That final bullet point deserves an explanation, because it is unusual for tax receipts to fall year-on-year, yet alone for two years. In July 2020, the then chancellor Rishi Sunak, commissioned the now-defunct Office of Tax Simplification (OTS) to review CGT. The move prompted speculation that CGT would be increased, a sentiment that was reinforced when the OTS suggested aligning CGT rates with income tax and sharply reducing the annual exemption. The predictable result was a pre-emptive rush to realise gains, boosting CGT payments.

In the event, Mr Sunak ignored the OTS proposals, although subsequently one of his many successors did take up the idea of cutting the annual exemption. As we wait to see what will be in Rachel Reeves’ Budget on 30 October, the story of CGT receipts may have provided her with an interesting lesson: hints of raising the tax are enough in itself to generate extra revenue.

Source HMRC

New tax plans target private schools and social care

Written by admin on . Posted in Budget, VAT, Wealth. No Comments on New tax plans target private schools and social care

In her first detailed tax announcements as Chancellor, Rachel Reeves targeted both those starting off in life and those approaching the end of their lives.

School fees

From 1 January 2025, private school fees will be subject to the standard rate of 20% VAT for the cost of tuition and boarding, if provided. A private school is defined as one that provides full-time education for pupils who are of compulsory school age but under 19 years old. Nurseries will remain exempt.

While the additional cost may be a minor annoyance for parents who can afford to send a child to some of the elite private schools, it may affect others more:

  • Middle-class parents paying private school fees for two or three children at the average UK cost of £15,000 will see fees increase by around £3,000 per child annually.
  • Prepaying school fees to avoid the VAT charge will fail as fees invoiced or paid on or after 29 July 2024 (the day of the announcement) for school terms after 1 January 2025 will be subject to VAT.

The exact percentage fee increase will vary between schools. While schools will be able to offset costs through VAT-deductible goods and services, private schools that are charities will no longer qualify for charitable business rates relief.

The government’s technical note explaining how private school fees will be subject to VAT can be found here.

Social care cap

The Chancellor also announced the scrapping of the social care cap, which means those with savings over £23,250 will have to continue to pay the full cost of their care, even if bills run into six figures. The previous government planned to cap care costs at a lifetime limit of £86,000 from October 2025 after long delays to the plans.

The NHS website provides information on self-funding social care here.

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Getting a head start: retirement planning attitudes in 2023

Written by admin on . Posted in Retirement, Wealth. No Comments on Getting a head start: retirement planning attitudes in 2023

A survey of 6,000 people, aged 18 to 80, revealed starkly different views on retirement across the generations.

According to the Office for National Statistics, the median age of the UK population in mid-2021 was 40.7 years, up from 39.6 in mid-2011. Perhaps that gradual ageing and the impact of Covid-19 on working patterns explains why there is a steady flow of research reports on attitudes to, and experiences of, retirement. The latest to emerge is Standard Life’s Retirement Voice, now in its third annual edition. One of the more interesting topics covered is the extent and benefit of planning ahead of retirement.

The bad news is that only 29% of those questioned said they were doing “a great deal of planning for retirement.” Predictably, households with income of more than £100,000 and those who took professional financial advice were the most likely to fall into this category, but even in those instances the proportion was no more than half.

Just over one in five members of Generation X (born between 1965 and 1980, so in their 40s and 50s) said they had done a great deal of planning, a smaller share than either of the two subsequent and thus younger generations (Millennials and Gen Z). The reluctant Gen Xers would do well to consider that over half of today’s retirees wish that they had thought about retirement finances at a younger age or started saving earlier. However, Gen X may not be completely head-in-sand, as on average they confessed to a six-year gap between their aspirational retirement age (62) and what they expected to be the reality (68).

The benefits of planning were evident in responses to another survey question: “How do you feel about your current financial situation?” Those who had done the most planning were nearly three times more likely to feel positive about their finances than the non-planners (61% vs. 21%). The group that had done “only a little planning” fell in the middle (40%).

The survey found that on average, age 36 is when people start to take a keener interest in their retirement planning. That average figure hides a big generational difference – the Baby Boomers trigger age was 49, while for Gen Z (currently 18–25) it was 20. In this instance, Gen Z looks the wiser generation…

Find out more about retirement attitudes here.

Photo by Harli Marten on Unsplash

Are we witnessing the decline of trusts?

Written by admin on . Posted in Lasting Will & Testaments, Tax, Wealth, Wills & Probate. No Comments on Are we witnessing the decline of trusts?

The number of trusts filing self-assessment tax returns for 2021/22 was 37% lower than for 2003/04. The decline comes as no real surprise given the eroding advantages of using a trust and the recent requirement to register trusts with HMRC.

Interest in possession trusts

Interest in possession trusts have seen the sharpest decline since 2003/04, with their number falling from over 100,000 down to just 44,000.

  • HMRC figures show that the decline in interest in possession trusts is mainly at the lower end of the scale where trust income is less than £10,000.
  • The inheritance tax (IHT) regime for interest in possession trusts from 2006 removed much of their favourable tax treatment. Such trusts are now subject to IHT on a similar basis to discretionary trusts, so, for example, a 20% tax charge can arise on a lifetime gift into an interest in possession trust.

However, interest in possession trusts are still commonly used in wills. Typically, a spouse or partner will be given rights during their lifetime (such as being able to stay in a marital home), with the capital subsequently passing to children – which is particularly important if there are children from a previous relationship. Such arrangements still enjoy a favourable IHT treatment.

Going forward

Trusts are more than ever becoming a specialist method of tax planning, and this trend is only likely to increase over the coming years.

Trust planning is still popular for those with a high net worth. Trusts allow wealth to be passed down the generations, protecting against marital breakdown, bankruptcy and family disputes.

There are reports that a future Labour Government would scrap business relief and agricultural property relief, and such a move would further limit the use of trusts. Trusts holding assets currently qualifying for relief could find themselves facing periodic IHT charges.

HMRC’s latest information on trusts (at October 2023) can be found here.

 

An uncertain future for the Triple Lock

Written by admin on . Posted in Pensioners, Pensions, Wealth. No Comments on An uncertain future for the Triple Lock

In mid-September, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) published the latest earnings data, covering the period May to July 2023. Earnings data has been the focus of much attention recently because a fall in the pace of pay growth is seen as a pre-condition for the Bank of England to consider a pause – and eventually cuts – in interest rates. However, the data that emerged in September was doubly important as, in theory, it sets the level of increase for the old and new state pension from April 2024.

Both the old and new state pensions are subject to the Triple Lock, which means they are due to increase by the greater of:

  • Annual earnings growth (including bonuses) for the May to July period;
  • Annual CPI inflation to September; or
  • 5%.

Given the publicity it receives, you may be surprised to learn that the Triple Lock is nowhere to be found in pensions legislation. The Triple Lock is a discretionary feature that the government can ignore, although with an election almost certain in 2024, it would be difficult to imagine that it would depart much from its requirement this year.

May to July earnings total earnings growth this year was 8.5%, 0.3% higher than expected, a surprise that the ONS attributed to NHS and civil service one-off payments in June and July. That means from next April the old state pension will rise by £13.30 to £169.50 a week and the new state pension (applying to those who reach state pension age after 5 April 2016) will increase by £17.35 to £221.20 a week, unless the government decides to suspend the Triple Lock. It did so in 2022/23, when Covid-19 distorted earnings data and for 2024/25 it could tweak the earnings definition to exclude those one-off payments.

Whether the Triple Lock will survive beyond the next election is unclear. Shortly before the earnings data was published, the Prime Minister refused to commit to the Triple Lock being in the Conservative manifesto. At about the same time, the Institute for Fiscal Studies published a critical report saying that the Triple Lock created uncertainty both for the government and for individuals planning their retirement.

If you find yourself thinking you could retire on £221 a week, think again. It represents less than two thirds of this year’s 35-hour week National Minimum Wage.

Source: IFS.

Mitigating rising corporation tax rates

Written by admin on . Posted in Company Director, Corporation Tax, Pensions, Wealth. No Comments on Mitigating rising corporation tax rates

New HMRC statistics have shed some light on how many companies are affected by the recent hike in corporation tax rates. Just over 1.5 million companies paid corporation tax for the financial year to 31 March 2022, but only 7% fell above the £50,000 small profits threshold.

Although fewer than 100,000 companies are likely to be facing the 26.5% marginal rate of corporation tax where profits fall between £50,000 and £250,000, they will be mainly owner-managed companies with owners keen to mitigate the tax increase.

For a company with a 31 March year end and profits of £200,000, this year’s corporation tax bill is going to be £11,250 higher than last year.

Director’s self-invested personal pension (SIPP)

Even if a director has not previously been in favour of making sizable pension contributions, there can now be a compelling case for doing so.

  • With a marginal tax rate of 26.5%, investing the maximum £60,000 into a SIPP will save corporation tax of £15,900.
  • Once the director reaches 55, 25% of the pension fund can be withdrawn tax free, but virtually immediately if a director is already 55.
  • There will be an overall tax saving if the tax rate eventually paid on pension withdrawals – taking into account the tax-free element – is less than 26.5%.

Even if there is no overall tax advantage as such, there will still be a timing benefit. The current year’s corporation tax bill is cut, but the tax cost does not apply until the director receives their pension income.

Mitigating cost and risk

By choosing a low-cost provider, the annual cost of maintaining a SIPP can be kept to a minimum.

If there are only a few years until retirement, a director might not want to be exposed to stock market volatility. This risk can be avoided by investing in fixed-term cash deposit accounts.

A basic guide to SIPPs can be found here.

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Inheritance Tax: Intestacy entitlement increased

Written by admin on . Posted in Inheritance Tax, Lasting Will & Testaments, Wealth, Wills & Probate. No Comments on Inheritance Tax: Intestacy entitlement increased

If an English or Welsh domiciled person dies without leaving a will, the amount that a surviving spouse or civil partner can inherit as a statutory legacy under the intestacy rules has – from 26 July – been increased from £270,000 to £322,000.

This statutory legacy only comes into play if the deceased also has children – the spouse or civil partner receives £322,000 and the deceased’s personal possessions, plus 50% of the remainder of the estate. The children receive the other 50% of the remainder. An exception applies where property is jointly owned. If there are no children, the spouse or civil partner will inherit the whole estate.

Example

Noah died intestate leaving an estate valued at £900,000. He is survived by his spouse, Emma, and two children. Emma inherits a total of £611,000 (£322,000 plus 50% of the remainder), and the two children will share £289,000.

Controversy

The statutory legacy is reviewed every five years, and the next review is due in January 2025. However, the five-year review period is overridden if inflation increases by 15% or more. The trigger point should have been December 2022, but inflation then fell in January 2023 before again going over 15%.

The 26 July uplift is therefore around seven months late, and some surviving spouses and civil partners will receive £52,000 less as a result of the delay. A House of Lords committee has raised the matter with the relevant authority, the Ministry of Justice, asking how such shortfalls will be dealt with.

Importance of leaving a will

The importance of leaving a valid will can be seen by looking at those who have no automatic right of inheritance:

  • Unmarried partners;
  • LBGT partners not in a civil partnership;
  • Relations by marriage;
  • Close friends; and
  • Close relatives other than children only inherit in certain circumstances.

The intestacy rules differ for those domiciled in Scotland or Northern Ireland.

The government has created an online tool to check who will inherit if someone dies without leaving a valid will. This can be found here.

Photo by Rhodi Lopez on Unsplash

Take Two on Wealth tax…………

Written by admin on . Posted in Inheritance Tax, Tax, Wealth. No Comments on Take Two on Wealth tax…………

Hard on the heels of May’s Sunday Times Rich List, will new proposals for a wealth tax gain any traction?

In 2020, a group of economic research bodies set up the Wealth Tax Commission to examine the options for a wealth tax to cover the huge costs then being incurred to handle the Covid-19 pandemic. The Commission produced a comprehensive report at the end of the year that suggested:

  • A one-off wealth tax (as opposed to annual);
  • A rate of 5%, payable at 1% a year for five years; and
  • The tax to be payable on all wealth above £500,000, including pensions and main residences.

The tax would have produced £260 billion in total, almost as much as income tax is projected to raise in 2023/24. While the proposals received considerable attention at the time, they were given the cold shoulder by the government and soon disappeared from view.

About two and a half years later, a new wealth tax proposal has been put forward by a group of three tax-campaigning organisations. Their launch came shortly after the latest Sunday Times Rich List was published, showing that 350 individuals and families together hold combined wealth of £796.5 billion.

The new wealth tax was substantially different from the Commission structure:

  • It would be an annual tax;
  • The rate would be 2%; and
  • It would only be payable on all wealth above £10 million.

The high threshold means that the annual amount raised each year would be less than the previous proposal – the campaigners suggested up to £22 billion, although the Commission’s 2020 research suggested a figure of around £17 billion for a similar structure– there are only around 22,000 individuals with wealth of greater than £10 million, according to the Commission.

Polling for one of the three organisations, undertaken by YouGov, showed 74% public support for the 2% wealth tax. Such a result is hardly surprising – most people are in favour of a tax from which they could only benefit.

This latest wealth tax proposal seems destined to suffer the same fate as its predecessor. Were the government to provide a counter argument, it could point out that the freezes it has made to the personal allowance and higher rate threshold alone will raise an extra £21.9 billion in 2023/24, rising to £25.5 billion by 2027/28. This seems unlikely however……………

Photo by Jingming Pan on Unsplash